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Acids 

  • Tastes sour, are corrosive to metals, changes color of litmus paper ( a dye extracted from lichens ) red. Becomes less acidic when mixed with acids.

  • The lower the pH, higher the concentration of hydronium ions. 

  • A acid is anything that releases a H+ ion

Strong Acids:

  • 100% ionize when in soultion 

    • HCl→H+(aq)+Cl-(aq)

  • Strong Acids usually have a pH range from 0-1,

    • ​To calculate the pH for strong acids the equation:  pH= -log ( H+)

  • Strong Acids: HI, HBr, HClO4, HCl, HClO3, H2SO4, HNO3

Weak Acids: 

  • Only partially ionize in solution

  • Have pH range from 2-4

Bases

  • Feel slippery, changes color of litmus paper from  blue; and becomes less basic when mixed acids.

  • The higher the pH, higher the concentration of hydroxide ions. 

  • A base is anything that accepts a H+ ion

Strong Bases:

  • 100% ionize when in solution 

    • NaOH→Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)

  • Strong Bases usually have a pH range from 11-14

  • Strong Bases:  LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Weak Bases:

  • Does not fully ionize in an aqueous solution

  • have lower pH than strong bases

  • pH range from 8-10

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